Nadene Goldfoot
The Chmielnicki Massacre in Ukraine from 1648 to 1649 beats anything I've ever read about massacres. The behavior of the Cossacks, led by Bohdan or Bogdan Chmielicki/ Khmelnitsky was to begin a series of campaigns by instigating the uprising of the Cossacks against the Jews.
Chmielicki told people that the Polish had sold them as slaves "into the hands of the accursed Jews." The Cossacks, a military class of Ukranian-southern Russians were so angry when they heard this that they massacred tens of thousands of Jews during 1648-49 in a war that would later be known as among the worst of that time period. To me, it's the worst of any time on earth. Barring the recent reports out of Syria of a Syrian eating the heart of another Syrian enemy, this description of what happened in Ukraine is the most barbaric that I have ever heard. This leader, Bogdan, was against Polish landowners, the Catholic clergy and the Jews. Hundreds of Jewish communities were annihilated and hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed brutally.
Where Chmielnicki Massacres Took Place
One result was that the horror of this massacre sent a shock wave throughout Jewry and the consequent messianic impulse served to gather support for Shabbetai Tzevi, considered a false messiah. One was certainly needed after this experience. The gentile Ukrainians regarded Chmielnicki as a national hero.
At the close of the 16th century there were about 45,000 Jews out of the 100,000 Jews were lived in Poland living in the eastern region where Ukrainian Catholics lived. Before the massacre, they had increased to about 150,000. In the census of 1764, 258,000 Jews were listed, but it is known that their number was over 300,000.
From the Jewish Virtual Library are excerpts describing eyewitness accounts of the atrocities that took place in regions of Mogila, Zaslav and Nemirov from 1648 to 1651; 3 years of hell.
The Cossacks wanted to free Ukraine from Polish domination and to be the rulers themselves. In Mogila 700 Jews with their wives and children were slaughtered. Some were cut into pieces. Others were ordered to dig graves where Jewish women and children were thrown in and buried alive. Jews were given rifles and ordered to kill each other. Cossacks surrounded young women and cut their clothes off their bodies and then performed abominations on them until they died screaming. It was probably gang rape. Cossacks came dressed as Poles to get in through the gates of the fortress and massacred about 6,000 townspeople. They drowned several hundreds in water. In the synagogue before the Holy Ark they slaughtered people with butcher knives. Afterwards they destroyed the synagogue and took out all the Torahs and books and tore them up then laid them out for men and animals to trample. They also made sandals out of them and several other garments.
Some were skinned alive and the flesh was thrown to the dogs to eat. Some had their hands and limbs chopped off and their bodies thrown on the highway to be trampled on by wagons and crushed by the horsses. some had wounds inflicted and were then thrown on the street to die a slow death. They tore open women and whipped them, forcing them to crawl to their deaths while others were buried alive. The cossacks slaughtered infants in their mothers' laps. They were sliced into pieces like fish. The infants were hung on the breasts of their mothers. some children were pierced with spears.
Jews had moved to Ukraine from Poland's western provinces. This was due to the economic opportunities because Poland was expanding with the consolidation of Poland-Lithuania. By the end of the 15th century, between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews were living in 60 communities throughout Poland-Lithuania, mostly in cities. Ukraine became the center of Jewish life in the area of Poland-Lithuania. Ukraine was part of it.
Life in Poland-Lithuania wasn't easy for Jews. The Catholic church continued to pressure nobles to punish and limit Jewish influence. The nobles were on the spot as they saw the economic contribution made by Jews in society. Jews became prominent in the trade business of Ukraine. They sold dye, cloth, horses, cattle and estates. They were ones who had connections with other Jewish communities in the Ottoman Empire and served as liasons between the east and the west in economic trade. What Jews were known for was the job they had with the Polish government: collectors of customs, duties and taxes for the Polish landlords, bankers and physicians. There were so many things they were not allowed to do, and this was one bestowed up them because the Christians didn't want the job.
The Jews prospered as they didn't throw their money away on drinking or gambling, and thus anti-Semitism grew. The lower classes of Ukrainian Cossacks saw Jews as workmen for the nation's wealthy landowners and accused Jews of robbing the wealth of poor people to better enrich themselves. By the end of the 16th century, Poland tried to get more control over the Ukrainian Cossacks by rising up against them along with the Jews in the Chmielnicki Massacre.
Such hated! Such violence for a people. Where did it come from?
In 965 CE, the Khazar Empire, which had experienced a shift of the royal family to convert to Judaism, had become a haven for Jews escaping persecution. The Russians ransacked its capital. By 1241 the Khazars were defeated by the Mongol invasion which also devastated all of Poland. Poland recruited immigrants from Germany and promised to help them settle in villages and towns. German Jews who had ancestors who suffered from the Crusaders in 1200 and then the Black Death in 1300, immigrated to Poland. There were Jews already living in Poland, and they shared a heritage with the new immigrants. This is when Yiddish was developed which was a mixture of Middle German, Hebrew, Polish and German-Hebrew and beame the Ashkenazi national Jewish language.
Resource: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/ukraine.html
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0020_0_20168.html
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9IRn5b0aik&feature=youtu.be Syrian atrocity
Update 3/7/14: http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/100-ukrainian-jews-want-to-make-aliyah-settle-in-judea-and-samaria/2014/03/07/
The Chmielnicki Massacre in Ukraine from 1648 to 1649 beats anything I've ever read about massacres. The behavior of the Cossacks, led by Bohdan or Bogdan Chmielicki/ Khmelnitsky was to begin a series of campaigns by instigating the uprising of the Cossacks against the Jews.
Chmielicki told people that the Polish had sold them as slaves "into the hands of the accursed Jews." The Cossacks, a military class of Ukranian-southern Russians were so angry when they heard this that they massacred tens of thousands of Jews during 1648-49 in a war that would later be known as among the worst of that time period. To me, it's the worst of any time on earth. Barring the recent reports out of Syria of a Syrian eating the heart of another Syrian enemy, this description of what happened in Ukraine is the most barbaric that I have ever heard. This leader, Bogdan, was against Polish landowners, the Catholic clergy and the Jews. Hundreds of Jewish communities were annihilated and hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed brutally.
One result was that the horror of this massacre sent a shock wave throughout Jewry and the consequent messianic impulse served to gather support for Shabbetai Tzevi, considered a false messiah. One was certainly needed after this experience. The gentile Ukrainians regarded Chmielnicki as a national hero.
At the close of the 16th century there were about 45,000 Jews out of the 100,000 Jews were lived in Poland living in the eastern region where Ukrainian Catholics lived. Before the massacre, they had increased to about 150,000. In the census of 1764, 258,000 Jews were listed, but it is known that their number was over 300,000.
From the Jewish Virtual Library are excerpts describing eyewitness accounts of the atrocities that took place in regions of Mogila, Zaslav and Nemirov from 1648 to 1651; 3 years of hell.
Some were skinned alive and the flesh was thrown to the dogs to eat. Some had their hands and limbs chopped off and their bodies thrown on the highway to be trampled on by wagons and crushed by the horsses. some had wounds inflicted and were then thrown on the street to die a slow death. They tore open women and whipped them, forcing them to crawl to their deaths while others were buried alive. The cossacks slaughtered infants in their mothers' laps. They were sliced into pieces like fish. The infants were hung on the breasts of their mothers. some children were pierced with spears.
Jews had moved to Ukraine from Poland's western provinces. This was due to the economic opportunities because Poland was expanding with the consolidation of Poland-Lithuania. By the end of the 15th century, between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews were living in 60 communities throughout Poland-Lithuania, mostly in cities. Ukraine became the center of Jewish life in the area of Poland-Lithuania. Ukraine was part of it.
Life in Poland-Lithuania wasn't easy for Jews. The Catholic church continued to pressure nobles to punish and limit Jewish influence. The nobles were on the spot as they saw the economic contribution made by Jews in society. Jews became prominent in the trade business of Ukraine. They sold dye, cloth, horses, cattle and estates. They were ones who had connections with other Jewish communities in the Ottoman Empire and served as liasons between the east and the west in economic trade. What Jews were known for was the job they had with the Polish government: collectors of customs, duties and taxes for the Polish landlords, bankers and physicians. There were so many things they were not allowed to do, and this was one bestowed up them because the Christians didn't want the job.
The Jews prospered as they didn't throw their money away on drinking or gambling, and thus anti-Semitism grew. The lower classes of Ukrainian Cossacks saw Jews as workmen for the nation's wealthy landowners and accused Jews of robbing the wealth of poor people to better enrich themselves. By the end of the 16th century, Poland tried to get more control over the Ukrainian Cossacks by rising up against them along with the Jews in the Chmielnicki Massacre.
Such hated! Such violence for a people. Where did it come from?
In 965 CE, the Khazar Empire, which had experienced a shift of the royal family to convert to Judaism, had become a haven for Jews escaping persecution. The Russians ransacked its capital. By 1241 the Khazars were defeated by the Mongol invasion which also devastated all of Poland. Poland recruited immigrants from Germany and promised to help them settle in villages and towns. German Jews who had ancestors who suffered from the Crusaders in 1200 and then the Black Death in 1300, immigrated to Poland. There were Jews already living in Poland, and they shared a heritage with the new immigrants. This is when Yiddish was developed which was a mixture of Middle German, Hebrew, Polish and German-Hebrew and beame the Ashkenazi national Jewish language.
Resource: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/ukraine.html
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0020_0_20168.html
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9IRn5b0aik&feature=youtu.be Syrian atrocity
Update 3/7/14: http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/100-ukrainian-jews-want-to-make-aliyah-settle-in-judea-and-samaria/2014/03/07/
12 comments:
2/22/14: Arsonists attacked a synagogue in war-torn Ukraine Saturday night. A synagogue in eastern Ukraine sustained minor damage from firebombs hurled at it by unidentified individuals Saturday night. The firebombs hit the Giymat Rosa Synagogue in Zaporizhia, located 250 miles southeast of Kiev, according to a report on the news site timenews.in.ua. The website published photos that showed the traces of a fire on the facade of the balcony of the synagogue, which opened its doors in 2012. A spokesperson for the Zhovtneviy District where the synagogue is located said no one was hurt in the attack and that police were searching for suspects. Officers found the neck of a glass bottle which was used as a Molotov cocktail, according to the Central Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Several Ukrainian media reported erroneously that the attack happened in Kiev. Ukraine has a Jewish population of 360,000–400,000 people, with roughly a quarter of all the country’s Jews residing in Kiev, according to the European Jewish Congress. The Jewish Agency put the figure at 200,000.
Read more at: http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/east-ukraine-synagogue-hit-by-firebombs/2014/02/24/
This was a fascinating article, the only problem is that your grammar and syntax are SO horrible that it makes your writing completely unreadable. This would not get a passing grade in a high school English class. I had to read several sentences multiple times to understand what you were trying to say.
If English us not your first language then this is understandable (I certainly can't write articles in another language). If not, well then...
Either way, I would recommend you get a beta reader, maybe a family member or friend whose first language IS English, to read articles and help you edit them before you post. And maybe consider taking a few introductory English classes at a nearby community college.
The article has some careless moments but, overall, it's as effectively written as much of what passes for "journalism" today. It certainly isn't "unreadable." - Dr. Charles Adès Fishman, Emeritus Distinguished Professor of English & Humanities, State University of New York
Hmmm... I wonder why Ukrainians would want to hurt Jews. I wonder why... I mean, they'd only been practically exterminated by the 80%+ Jewish-leadership of the Bolsheviks. They had been forcibly starved, shot if they attempted to leave, and been stomped upon for years and years over several Holodmir as the Soviets attempted to destroy Ukrainian nationalism and the independent farmers of the Ukraine. Starving to death, watching your children starve to death, eating grass as you wasted away-- these are small peanuts when one considers the interminable suffering of the wandering Jew which no country wants until they take over the banking and media industries-- hence the political spheres of those countries.
Over thirty million Ukrainians were murdered by the leadership of the Communist parties to the east-- but, no matter-- let's simply focus on how they went bonkers at the end of it all and killed a bunch of Jews. No doubt there were many, many, many innocent Jews among those kills-- but-- the Jewish leadership doesn't care about them, really. Just as they didn't care about those killed in what is now known as the systematic roundup and murder of Jews in Europe. They had a higher and more profound goal-- Israel. They got what they wanted. What's in their sights currently? One must wonder...
Hmmm... I wonder why Ukrainians would want to hurt Jews. I wonder why... I mean, they'd only been practically exterminated by the 80%+ Jewish-leadership of the Bolsheviks. They had been forcibly starved, shot if they attempted to leave, and been stomped upon for years and years over several Holodmir as the Soviets attempted to destroy Ukrainian nationalism and the independent farmers of the Ukraine. Starving to death, watching your children starve to death, eating grass as you wasted away-- these are small peanuts when one considers the interminable suffering of the wandering Jew which no country wants until they take over the banking and media industries-- hence the political spheres of those countries.
Over thirty million Ukrainians were murdered by the leadership of the Communist parties to the east-- but, no matter-- let's simply focus on how they went bonkers at the end of it all and killed a bunch of Jews. No doubt there were many, many, many innocent Jews among those kills-- but-- the Jewish leadership doesn't care about them, really. Just as they didn't care about those killed in what is now known as the systematic roundup and murder of Jews in Europe. They had a higher and more profound goal-- Israel. They got what they wanted. What's in their sights currently? One must wonder...
Are you stupid? This article's subject matter was based on events that happened in the 17th century. It started in the first sentence. You're going on about bolsheviks and Irael. One of the most idiotic things I've seen in a while.
Holodmir was a brain child of Yossif Stalin, a measure to finance war and other internal and external policies, he was Orthodox Christian Georgian Soviet Dictator. Who among the first steps of his power grab, decimated the Bolshevik leadership , rigorously targeting it's Jewish members. Percipitatating and establishing a practice of systemic antisemitism, as a pseudo official policy. So much hate, man.. do some reading of facts not conspiracies, educate your self, free your self. Don't be a sheep!
Either you are an idiot or a virulent anti-Semite. If you think that the Bolsheviks were 80% Jewish & therefore Jews were responsible for the Holodmir, you are not only ignorant of history you are also incapable of math. Crawl back into the hateful hole you’ve dug for yourself until you learn to read & do your own critical thinking.
Thank you so much for your (author) detailed information about the horrible unspeakable and totally shockable history that describes Bogdan Khmelnitsky and his supporters that became heroes in the former Soviet Union as well as in the modern Ukraine where the streets, prospects and monuments were built for this innocent people including children and women killer that should ne never to be forgotten. Why those who continue to cherish and support massive murderers as Khmelnitsky are not being investigated and addressed according to the appropriate laws? As a result during Hitler regime in the Ukraine and Poland many Ukrainians and Polish helped Nazis to execute Jews and supported Nazis's and Khmelnitskiy's ideology. The books are to be written and children are to be thought in school and colleges about the history. Never again. Never forget. Thank you.
Always the victims... why is that?
There is much anti-Jewish hatred in these comments and allowing that is exactly how holocausts happened. It must be shut down every time!
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