Arabs' Attempt in Reviving the Dead 181 Partition Resolution

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                         

World War I was fought from 1914 to 1917 with the Ottoman Empire losing and the West winning which resulted in Palestine being taken over by the Western Powers in which Britain held the mandate from 1917 to May 14, 1948  to create a Jewish Homeland.  This was decided through the Balfour Declaration and the League of Nations.  The League of Nations died because they were breaking their own rules. It was started January 1918 by the USA and ended 12 April 1946.  It wasn't able to prevent WWII.   It changed over to become the United Nations on June 26, 1945 and in 1947 Britain put the matter of Palestine into their hands.  The UN Commission RECOMMENDED partitioning what was left out of the original Mandate into 2 new states; one Jewish and one Arab with Jerusalem to be an international zone belonging to neither.
                                                                       

David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister, said that the Balfour Declaration implied that the whole of Palestine, including Transjordan, should become a Jewish state, but in 1922 it had been taken illegally by the Hashemite ruler, Abdullah which was later called Jordan.  During all the attack on Israel after declaring itself a state, Jordan had invaded and annexed it illegally.  The UN did not call them on it.  That was one state created out of the Jewish Homeland already.   Abdullah had taken 77% -80% of the landmass of the original Mandate for the Jews.  He set up an Arab Kingdom.

 There are already 57 Muslim majority countries in the world and 22 of them are right in the Middle East: Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Yemen, Libya, Kuwait, Oman,  Bahrain, Qatar, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates.  Now Arabs living in the land and others who came in looking for work are calling themselves Palestinian Arabs.  Jews who lived there were called Palestinian Jews.  The Arabs want to create a state and call it Palestine but they have been refusing every offer made since 1947.

17,000,000 Arabs live on 1,290,000 square miles while Palestine, after losing the 76% of land to Transjordan has been decimated to having only 8,000 square miles.  In 1967 Israel picked up what Jordan had taken of Samaria, Judah, East Jerusalem and Golan through winning against a gigantic Arab attack.  The proposals would have taken the 10,000 square miles they had and reduced it by 1/2 for Palestine to be carved out of it.  UNSCOP wanted to eliminate the Western Galilee from the Jewish state which would have meant taking Safed, my city which had been Jewish since time memorial.  It was the center of Kabballah.

In 1947 talk was If another state is to taken out of the remainder of the Jewish state, the Jews would be getting only 1/8th of their original promised Homeland.  Originally, their Israel and Judah had covered more space than this original allotted Jewish Homeland  including Trans Jordan was to be, but the Jews accepted the deal  called Resolution 181 or the Partition Plan and the Arabs refused.  this was a non-binding RECOMMENDATION  WHOSE IMPLEMENTATION HUNG ON ACCEPTANCE BY BOTH PARTIES.  Not only did the Arabs refuse but they threatened bloodshed if the UN adopted the Resolution.  This scared Britain since the Arabs proposed to attack and impede its work in every possible way.    This means that Resolution 181 was rejected by the Arab world.   Not only that, but it was the last straw.

Before that were many other recommendations from the Mandate people and other international commissions.
1. 1922:  Great Britain partitioned Palestine; Arabs wanted the whole country to be Arab.
2. 1937  Peel Commission
3. 1938 Woodhead Commission
4. 1946  Two proposals championed a bi-national state,
            a. Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, April- single state with equal powers
            b. Morrison-Grady Plan, July - federal state with 2 provinces

The Arabs rejected them all.

Now they want to divide and conquer.  They won't recognize Israel as the Jewish state and their charters all call to destroy Israel.  when Resolution 181 was read in the General Assembly of the UN, each Arab country spoke from the dais to sound off their rejections.  Iraq's Mr. Jamali said the decision was anti-democratic, illegal, impractical and contrary to the Charter (?) and Iraq doesn't recognize the validity of this decision and those who pass it are responsible for the consequences.  Syria's Amir. Arslan  said that the charter was murdered and his country would never recognize the partition, and the consequences were on the heads of others, not theirs.  Yemen's Prince Abdullah said that the partition plan is contrary to justice and to the UN Charter (?).  They did not feel bound by such a decision and would reserve its freedom of action towards it.  All the others were of the same mind.

 Israel was created May 14, 1948 through a UN vote  and within seconds was attacked by all the Arabs in a bloody war..  3 days later, the Palestine Commission adjourned sine die without picking a date after the General Assembly appointed a UN Mediator in Palestine, which relieves the UN Palestine Commission from the further exercise of its responsibilities.  181 then became a moot issue.  The establishment of an armistice-line (the "Green Line") was just a temporary ceasefire line expected to be followed by peace treaties.  No peace treaties were signed.  Since Israel was later attacked in 1956, 1967, 1973, etc. to this day, one wonders about peace treaties since states change hands, thus politics.  Egypt had a peace treaty signed by Sadat in 1979 after the 1973 war.  It's still in effect.  Jordan has a peace treaty signed October 26, 1994, still in effect.

By July 30, 1949 it was seen that the Arabs rejected the scheme entirely.  Armistice agreements were reached after much fighting between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Trans-Jordan with the help of UN Mediator, Dr. Ralph Bunche.  By now the UN had abandoned the recommendations of Resolution 181 and its ideas "were drained of all relevance by subsequent events."  The Arabs continued to reject 181 after the war.  This was possibly because they controlled Judea and Samaria (West Bank) from 1948 to 1967 when they, including  Jordan,  again attacked Israel.

Now, the Arabs are trying to revive Resolution 181.  For over 60 years they have rejected it and are now trying to bring it to life to use as a leverage to  make Israel withdraw from Western Palestine so they can attack the rest of Israel easier because  it would have no defensive borders.

Professor Sir Elihu Lauterpacht of Cambridge, Judge ad hoc of the International Court of Justice and renowned expert on international law said that from a legal standpoint, the Resolution 181 had no legislative character to give territorial rights to either Jews or Arabs.  Any binding force would have had to come from the principle pacta sunt servanda, or treaties must be honored.  This would be from agreement of the parties at variance to the proposed plan.  The right of a State to exist come from its factual existence.  When that existence is prolonged it shows every sign of continuance and is recognized by the generality of nations.

Professor Julius Stone, authority on the law of Nations, " one of the world’s best-known authorities in both Jurisprudence and International Law. His publications his activities and the many honours conferred on him are eloquent evidence of his high standing in these two fields.said that Israel's "legitimacy" or "legal foundation" for its birth does not reside with the UN Partition Plan, which as a consequence of Arab actions became a dead issue."

  He then said that its validity rests on assertion of independence by its people and government, on the vindication of that independence by arms against assault by other states, and on the establishment of orderly government within territory under its stable control.

He just described Israel.  This is a legal state, not matter how you look at it.  For a variety of reasons, it again lives.

Resource:  UN Resolution 181-The Partition Plan of November 29, 1947 by Eli E. Hertz http://www.mythsandfacts.org/article_view.asp?articleID=135
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim-majority_countries
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_Peace_Treaty
http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/peacetreaty.html
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/leagueofnations.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-united-nations-is-born
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel
Update: 12/7/13 videohttp://unitedwithisrael.org/the-video-that-is-driving-the-palestinians-crazy/ *****

The Balfour Declaration: Why It Was So Important

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                     

Finally the Jews had the answer they had worked so hard for.  Britain was for the establishment in Palestine of a national home for Jews.  Arthur James, Lord Balfour (1848-1930) was a British statesman and philosopher who was head of the government with which Herzl negotiated with in 1902-1903.  Later he was very impressed b Chaim Weizmann and his Zionist philosophy.  He was foreign secretary in 1917 when he issued the Balfour Declaration, an official statement from Britain.

                                                                                    Foreign Office
                                 November 2nd, 1917
Dear Lord Rothschild,
           I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to and approved by the Cabinet.

        His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.  

       I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

                           Arthur James Balfour

                           The Balfour Declaration

 This statement finally came about as the result of many long negotiations started by Chaim Weizmann, Nahum Sokolow and others shortly after the start of World War I.  Supporting this was Herbert Samuel, Chief Rabbi J.H. Hertz, the Haham Moses Gaster and others.  There was a lot of discussion on two things;  the formula of the Declaration and its timing.    The final decision of the British government was expedited by Balfour's visit to the US  in the spring of 1917 when he met with President Wilson who supported the efforts of the American Zionists who were headed by Brandeis.  

There were British Jews who were afraid that this would endanger the Jews in all countries.  This opposition made the government more cautious, and the wording submitted to recognize Palestine as the national home of the Jewish people and for providing a "Jewish National Colonizing Corporation" for the resettlement and economic development of the country was not accepted.  

When the Declaration had been approved by the British cabinet, it was sent to Lord Walter Rothschild who was asked to take it to the Zionist Federation. On April 24, 1920, it was decided by the Supreme Council of the Principal Allied Powers at the conference in San Remo that Britain should administer Palestine and be responsible for the implementation of the Balfour Declaration.  

In 1921, Transjordan was detached from the area covered by the British Mandate for Palestine and made a separate Emirate under Abdullah (1882-1951).  First he was an Emir, and then made himself king of Transjordan.  He was the 2nd son of Hussein, sherif of Mecca, so he was from Saudi Arabia.  It was his support of Britain during WWI that led to his nomination as ruler of Transjordan in 1923.  He was credited with a moderate attitude toward Zionism and had negotiated with Chaim Weizmann in 1922, but invaded Israel in 1948 anyway.  His attempts to reach an understanding with Israel were nullified by the growing influence of the Palestinian Arabs, and he was assassinated in Jerusalem allegedly at the instance of the Mufti, Haj Amin el-Husseini, the person who had gone to Germany and had met with Adolf Hitler.    . 

 It was approved by other Allied governments and incorporated into the Mandate in 1922.  According to Article II the Mandatory Power was responsible for placing the country under such political, administrative, and economic conditions as would secure the establishment of the Jewish national home and the development of self-governing institutions;  also for safeguarding the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion.  

Other articles provided for the facilitation of Jewish immigration by the Mandatory Power, while ensuring the rights and status of the other sections of the community, and for encouraging settlement of the Jews on the land, including unrequired state and wastelands; for enacting a national laws to enable Jews taking up their residence in Palestine to acquire Palestine citizenship;  the recognition of English, Arabic and Hebrew as the official languages of Palestine; and the recognition of the holy days of the respective communities as legal days of rest.  

Article 25 delimits the borders of the country, excluding Transjordan from Palestine. King Abdullah had  renamed it the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1946.  The Palestine Mandate ended on May 15, 1948 with the withdrawal of the British administration.  This is the day Israel was then declared a state with the blessing of the vote in the United Nations.  Right away King Abdullah fought against the new Israel and took over the Arab area of Palestine which was Judah, Samaria and east Jerusalem.  

What the Arab King Abdullah had taken that was to be part of the Jewish Homeland was lost to Israel by his grandson, Hussein, in the Six Day War when all the Arabs had attacked Israel and lost, much to their surprise.  Hussein, born in 1935, succeeded to the throne in 1952.  He removed British officers from his Arab Legion in 1956 and signed a pact with Egypt and Syria but later refrained from joining the fighting during the Sinai Campaign.  His army had to retreat from Eastern Palestine when defeated in 1967.  Then he was threatened by Arab terrorist organizations with whom he had a major showdown in September 1970 with Black September.  In 1988 he renounced claims to the West Bank in view of Arab decisions that the PLO was the rightful authority.  

Transjordan had been the home of some of the 12 tribes of Israel back in c1200 BCE.   Reuben , Gad and half of Manasseh were cattle-keeping tribes and had settled there.  King David (1010-970 BCE)  later had conquered the whole land of what came to be called Transjordan including the rich copper mines of the Arabah.  His son, King Solomon (961-920 BCE)  had lost them or only held temporarily.  W Ammon was held by a Jewish family, the Tobiads for a time.  Then after the destruction of the first Temple by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE, it was rebuilt in 538-515 BCE.   The Edomites moved into southern Judah and their place was taken by the Nabateans.   Greek towns were established in hellenistic days. 

In the Byzantine days (70-637 CE) , Transjordan began to decline which was accelerated by the Arab conquest of Mohammad (570-620 CE) .  From the 8th to the 19th centuries, it was mostly left to the Bedouins to occupy except when the crusaders established themselves in Oultre Jourdain.  The first Crusade was in 1096-9.  This is when attacks were made on Jews living in Northern France and especially in the Rhineland where massacres occurred in cites of Mainz, Worms, Speyer, Cologne, etc and other places where Jews had found refuge from the Roman attack in Judah.  Jerusalem was taken by them in 1099 and in that Jews and Karaites were massacred.   Crusades went on with the last being in 1320 with attacks on Jews in southern France and northern Spain.  

Resource:  The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
update: 11:20am http://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/2013/10/still-bickering-over-balfour/?utm_source=Mosaic+Daily+Email&utm_campaign=96e25acaf1-Mosaic_2013_10_28&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_0b0517b2ab-96e25acaf1-41144429

Syrian Officials: Keeping Hatred Going Against Israel

Nadene Goldfoot                                             
                          
                                     Palestine- Small Notch in the Arab World

Joan Peters wrote in her book, "From Time Immemorial,"  that Arab refugees "have been bred to believe that the fraudulent history they learn by rote is true."  They have been brought up to believe that their identity can only come true at the cost of the destruction of the Jews.  Their dream of their history has been drilled into them wherever they are; in or out of refugee camps; to return to their Palestinian homeland.

Jordan has many Palestinians living there.  Those taken in have citizenship rights now, but Jordan refuses to take in anymore.  Jordan had a Civil war with the Palestinians from September 1970 to July 1971 called "Black September,"  a fight to see who would have control of the kingdom, for the Palestinians, led by the PLO, demanded control of the whole state.  Many feel this is already a Palestinian state.

Syrian officials were interviewed in Damascus in June 1977 and said they wanted Americans to help them develop arable Syrian land.  They themselves did not have a population to develop the land as they all had jobs then, so they were in need of people and technology.   They were even willing to give land to those who would come and work on it.

Joan Peters asked them, "Why not give the land to those Palestinian Arabs who would choose to accept your offer?
One official answered angrily, "  We will give the land to anyone-the Ibos, the Koreans, Americans...anyone who comes---anyone but the Palestinians!  We must keep their hatred directed against Israel!"

Isn't it ironic?  Many of the so called Palestinians actually did come from Syria because when they did, they were looking for jobs and there were none in their own country.  The Jews living all the time in "Palestine" were not the builders, but the Jews that returned in the late 1800's from Russia were, and some did employ Arabs to help with building projects.  The Ottoman Empire was in power over the land then, but had very few Arabs living on the land.  They were getting preferential treatment over the Jews, however.

Levin's book tells about Palestine from the turn of the century around the 1880's to the Balfour Declaration, written November 2, 1917, covering about a quarter of a century of turbulent events.  It said, "His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."  Of course, the British themselves were the ones who screwed up the whole deal by practicing favoritism for the Arabs and rejected the Jews. They had also made promises to the Arabs at the same time to establish their kingdom and turn a Sheik into a king.   By doing this they did everything against the Jews to achieve the goal of establishing a national home.   

The first Jewish pioneers that came  had many hardships to endure, comparable to our American pioneers' living.  They had to deal with the Turkish overlords, the relationship between neighboring Jews and Arabs where the wars of the present were foreordained in blood feuds and hatreds of an earlier generation.  The First World War and the Russian Revolution caused great upheavals.  This all helped to create a Jewish fighting force.  The novel's main characters are the Chaimovitch family who had fled Czarist Russia's pogroms who came to their motherland which turned out to be rocky, parched arid land ruled by the cruel Turks and dominated by hostile Arab villagers, disease infested but yet, their Jewish land.

Joan Peters was studying the original documents about Palestine which were a part of Winston Churchill's papers and came across a dynamite statement.  It was the claim that Jewish settlement in Palestine had caused the uprooting of hundreds of thousands of Arabs, something they are using today to claim their "right of return."
                                                                         

Churchill said in 1939, when Hitler was closing the door on doomed Jews in Germany trying to get out, and  plotting their massacres with the 2nd most powerful Arab, Sayyid Amin al-Husseini, also known as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem,   "So far from being persecuted, the Arabs have crowded into the country and multiplied till their population has increased more than even all world Jewry could lift up the Jewish population."

Because of real people who developed the land from neglect that had become a wasteland made up of sand, rocks and mosquito-infested swamps, we have a beautiful state of Israel today.  The land has returned to it's natural life-fulfilling state from all this hard work, but the Arabs are clinging to their dreamed up  imagined history.  They are clamoring for all of Jerusalem right now.  Tomorrow it is all of Israel as their charters call for as written in Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood.

Arabs like to spread the false information that Ashkenazi Jews are not real Jews.  They keep the fallacy going that only the Jews of the Levant were from the 12 tribes of Jacob.  They should develop the habit of reading more about our history.  Jews, whether they are Ashkenazi (recently from Europe), or Sephardi (recently from Spain and Portugal) or Mizrachi (from Egypt and that area), are all from the same group that survived the Roman Empire's attack in 70 CE.  Even DNA is proving this.  It happens that many Jews were forcefully taken to Rome as slaves, and from there finally were able to break away and went into Germany, and then went northwards into eastern Europe where our Russian Jews fleeing from pogroms finally decided after 2,000 years to return and settle their own land once again.  This is one way they keep trying to stoke the hatred against the Jews.

There are 10 Palestinian camps in Syria created from 1948 till 1967 with 3 unofficial ones built from 1955 to 1962.   About 112,550 occupants are in Yarmouk built in 1957, located in Damascus, which is the largest.  The latest reports are that on a Sunday in July Syria gassed people in the camp by bombing it with chemical weapons.   22 were reported dead.  It is still home today to over 100,000 Palestinians.  Syria would rather keep them in  camps on the UN dole than have them work and own land.

Resource: Book:  "From Time Immemorial", by Joan Peters.  copyright 1984- non-fiction, p. 406 paperback
Book: Historical Novel:  "The Settlers" by Meyer Levin, copyright 1972
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan
http://www.timesofisrael.com/syria-accused-of-gassing-palestinian-refugee-camp/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps

Chilling Factors Against Israel's Creation From England and USA

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                

The Balfour Declaration of 1917 and Internationally enforced at San Remo Conference in 1920  was a decision of the whole world made through the League of Nations to create the Jewish Homeland (a national home).  This was decided after WWI when the Ottoman Empire fell as it had sided with Germany and the Axis powers.  Jews had been discriminated since 70 CE when they were dispersed by the Roman Empire who took  Samaria (Israel) and Judea and with it the city of Jerusalem.  The creation of Christianity caused undo hardships against Jews through every generation and increasing persecution such as the Spanish Inquisition and pogroms in Russia.  Finally, Jews had their fill and decided to return to what had become a wasteland with their absence: Eretz Israel in 1880's with the First Aliyah.   Along came the Alfred Dryfus Affair in 1894 accusing a French soldier on the general's staff of selling secret documents to Germany and was given a life imprisonment.  He was Jewish and innocent.  Anti-Semitism was in full swing.  Jews realized then that their formal European emancipation was a joke.  By 1897, Theodor Herzl, Austrian reporter,  created the World Zionist Organization to return to their land.
                                                                       

The British were given the mandate to see that the Jewish Homeland was created that all the nations had signed onto.  They really didn't care about Jews as much as they were after foreign propaganda purposes,  according to sources in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.   Germany came out with Hitler's anti-Semitic "25 points" which was spread to the populous by his speeches in 1920.  What was said in Germany was heard in England.  During this same year, both England and the USA were very interested in  gaining oil interests in the Middle East.  The invention of the automobile made this a very serious acquisition and needed gas to run.

Harry St. John Bridger Philby, better known as Jack Philby,  was a British spy who spied on Zionists, and carried on a secret war against Jews.  His close friend was Allen Dulles, brother of John Foster Dulles, who because of his influence, created a US policy in the Middle East that lasted through George Bush's White House in the 1990's.  Reports are that this secret service M16 agent Philby is the secret founder of Saudi Arabia.  He had passed intelligence information that caused the military victory for the House of Saud to ibn Saud.  Philby used Dulles to influence American policy against the Jewish Homeland and to help him in the development of Saudi Arabian oil.  They had a partnership and both wanted to make a lot of money.  They created a partnership with American oil companies and were against the British interests as well as were in favor of Nazi Germany!

By 1921, Haj Amin al-Husseini was appointed the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the Jewish British High Commissioner, Sir Herbert Samuel.  He was also appointed as head of the Supreme Moslem Council.  .  Arabs were attacking Jews in Jaffa and  Petach Tikvah who were helped by the British officials.  Of course the outcome was a suspension of Jewish immigration by the British.   Allan Dulles headed up the Near East Division in Washington from 1922 to 1926.  He met most of the emerging Arab leaders and met Chaim Weizmann and then decided that a Jewish Homeland would be a zero to helping the USA get oil fields by complicating  American oil companies from getting into the region.  He held a private audience with Abdullah of Jordan.  Dulles and his colleagues in the State Department had decided that Jews were an obstacle to Arab oil.

The Arabs had helped the British to win the war by fighting against the Ottoman Empire.  Chaim Weizmann, a chemist in England, helped by inventing  better ammunition  which definitely caused the British to win.  Besides that, Jews had also fought with them against the Ottoman Empire.  The Arabs were ticked off about the reward as they saw it, of land to the Jews for their homeland.  To pacify them as well, Eastern Palestine, called Transjordan, about 75-80% of the Jewish Homeland to be, was given to King Abdullah for his state of Transjordan as their reward.  In other words, the Jews have now lost 80% of their homeland by 1922.  In the same year, Winston Churchill wrote the White Paper which limited Jewish immigration to "capacity to absorb new arrivals".  This was indeed limiting their numbers.

In 1928 the British came up with their "Organic Law" which provided separate Commissions for Palestine and Transjordan which was against the Mandate.   Jews were prohibited from settlement in Transjordan.   Arabs were incited by Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini in the Wailing Wall incident and also incited his followers into anti-Jewish attacks in other places.  The US company, Gulf Oil, started exploration in Bahrain and then turned over its interests to Standard Oil of California and went to to Kuwait to explore.  The British government had invoked agreements it made with Kuwait and Bahrain that oil development was to be only to British concerns.  The US had a campaign to replace Britain and dominate the Middle Eastern oil and Britain backed off after a lot of negotiations.
                                                                       

                                               Grand Mufti and Adolf Hitler
The Shaw Commission found Jewish immigration in 1925 and 26 excessive and recommended restriction of Jewish immigration and land sales in 1929.  They had a Ratification of Agreement regarding Transjordan.  Arabs  massacred Jews in Safed and Hebron, 2 of the  4 Holy cities to Jews.  Arabs also rioted and assaulted Jewish villages  and in Jerusalem caused by deliberate religious inflammation for which Mufti and his party were solely responsible.  Who did Britain favor in this?  The High Commissioner Chancellor came out with a Proclamation on September 1, 1929 called the "Protection of Cultivators Ordinance" enacted for "displaced" Arabs.  This is when Philby visited Jerusalem and formed a lasting friendship with the Grand Mufti Haj Amin al Husseini.  He then "went" Arab by converting to Islam and even had his own concubines but had to go through circumcision at age 45  before he could have his 4 wives that were promised to him.  He was even given a house and a job by the Mufti.

The next year found Arabs rendered "landless" and unemployed and were caused by the Jewish immigration in 1930 with the Hope Simpson Report.  State lands were then allocated for "landless Arabs" instead of the Jewish settlement which was called for in Art. VI of the Mandate.  This Report ignored whether Jewish purchase had caused their landlessness or if they ever owned land in the first place.  The 1930 Passfield White Paper came out which restricted Jewish immigration and land acquisition which was based on this "absorptive capacity. decision."   Hitler's plan for Jews' demise  was already in motion and was gaining popularity.

However, the Hope Simpson findings were disproved by investigation and other British studies in 1931. They passed an amendment to the Protection of Cultivators Ordinance.  It was to further benefit landless and displaced Arabs.

Muslims were again incited against Jews in 1933 at the Festival of Nebi Rubin by Musa Kasem Pasha al-Husseini's violent speech against Jewish immigration.  There were strikes and anti-Jewish riots.  The government was accused of favoring Jews.  Hitler came into power.  The Cultivators' Ordinance of 1933 replaced earlier laws.  It instituted allowances of subsistence area or remuneration for any Arab "statutory tenant" not grossly neglecting areas of grazing or occasional presence.

By May of 1932, oil was discovered in Bahrain.  Ibn Saud had consolidated his rule and proclaimed the modern nation of Saudi Arabia.  Jack Philby helped to start exploration for oil there, as well.  This grew into the Arabian-American Oil Company, Aramco.

In 1934 there was an influx of 30,000 to 35,000 Arab immigrants from the Hauran-Syria to the Jewish settled areas in Western Palestine during a 3 month period.  The population movement was recognized by Syrian leadership and the League of Nations Permanent Mandates Commission, but denied by and omitted from the British Mandatory Government data, records and statistics.  In other words, Syria knew about this and recorded it but the British would not.  They were allowing the illegal immigration of Arabs into the land set aside for the Jewish Homeland.   At the same time, the British government instituted the practice of deducting the estimated numbers of illegal Jewish immigrants from the Jewish immigration quotas.  This is when Jews wanted to emigrate from Germany.  Mein Kampf had come out and spelled danger for the Jews.

Anti-Jewish pogroms and riots were happening in Eretz Yisrael by 1936, just as Jews had experienced in Russia.  Arabs were striking with the imported assistance of hired Syria and Iraqi mercenaries.  This was known as the "Arab Revolt."

A royal Commission in 1937 was appointed to investigate the deteriorating Palestine conditions.  Lewis Andrews, District Commissioner for the Galilee, was assigned to administer the Commission's tour.  He was murdered outside his church by "moderate" Arab terrorists.  Nearly 100 Jewish deaths resulted and the Government personnel were murdered with about 150 wounded.  The Palestine Royal commission Report then recommended the partition of the land into one Jewish and one Arab state.
                                                                 

Unemployment rose and the Jewish immigration restrictions continued causing illegal Jewish immigration to rise in 1938.  Germany was most dangerous now for Jews and they were trying to get out of that country.  There was the Mufti-led guerrilla warfare that was aided by imported Arab rebels and included anti-Jewish pogroms, and the assassinations of other Arabs, ambushes of the military and the general sabotage which led to the occupation of the Old City of Jerusalem.  The Mufti engaged in a plan of systematic extermination of his opponents.

There was rivalry between Husseini and Nashashibi which brought on violence and rebellion..  348 died in the first quarter of the year 1939.  England declared war against Germany.  The Nazis committed atrocities against the Jews of Europe.  Arab leaders collaborated with the Nazis and other axis.  The English government came out with a White Paper that enforced the new rigidly pro-Arab, anti-Mandate policy that restricted Jewish immigration for the next 5 years  and afterwards at the discretion of the Arabs of Palestine. This was all strictly against the mandate they had promised to uphold.  This was a promise to the whole world who had signed the Balfour Declaration.

Land Transfer Regulation came out in 1940 which were enforced by the White Paper of 1940.  It prohibited transfers of most land in Western Palestine except to a Palestinian Arab.  Again, this was in violation of Article 6 of the mandate.

The Nazi hatred against Jews spread to Baghdad in 1941 when the Jewish community was attacked by mob killing 180 Jews.

There were only about a half a million Jews in Germany at the beginning of WWII.  Hitler wanted Jews to emigrate.  There were very few countries that would accept more than a handful.  They couldn't hardly get into Palestine as Ibn Saud, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem hated Jews, he said in 1937 because  of their persecution and rejection of Christ and their subsequent rejection of Muhammed.  Ibn Saud reiterated that for him to be killed by a Jew or to kill a Jew ensures him an immediate entry in Heaven and into the august presence of G-d Almighty.  This appealed to Philby and was an inducement to converting to Islam.  He became a double agent for the Third Reich and publicly pretended to help Jews while privately helped the Nazis.  He made a profit for the House and Saud and for himself this way.  He was always out to hurt the British Empire's position in the Middle East.

The USA entered WWII on December 7, 1941 when Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese.  By May 14, 1948, Harry Truman said yes to the creation of Israel in the new United Nations.  He was not a part of the scheme of the State Department, who was more anxious for oil and wanted to keep Israel from becoming a state.  It was a miracle that Harry Truman was President at that time in history.  It was a miracle that Israel was able to have a population of 650,000 by that time in order to create their own state. (600,000 people of the Exodus had entered Canaan).   From the moment of creation, Arab countries then persecuted their Jewish communities and there were mass expulsions where most went to Israel.  Jews were denied the right of national identity in the Soviet Union and could not practice Judaism by attending a synagogue or reading Hebrew.

Resource: Updated 6/30/13  Video: http://www.israpundit.com/archives/56077  A must to watch.  Take notes. Notice Waldheim was Nazi officer  15 minute video on role of Haj Amin al Husseini and Nazis.  Excellent!  
From Time Immemorial -the origins of the Arab-Jewish conflict over Palestine by Joan Peters, 1984.
The Secret War Against the Jews-how Western espionage betrayed the Jewish people by John Loftus and Mark Aarons, 1994.
Facts About Israel, Division of Information, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Jerusalem

Accept Israel, the Jewish State or No Dice

Nadene Goldfoot
Obama brought a very important message about Israel to the Palestinians on his visit last week.  The Palestinians must recognize Israel as the Jewish State.  Our original documents such as the Balfour Declaration in 1917  says so.

The UN General Assembly Resolution 181 written in 1947 that partitioned Palestine into half mentions the term "Jewish state"  30 times.  The whole world understood this diplomatic recognition of an Israel meant accepting it as a Jewish state.

In 2007 Prime Minister Ehud Olmert of Israel said that unless the Palestinians accepted Israel as the Jewish state, diplomacy would be aborted.  Benjamin Netanyahu said in 2009 as the succeeding Prime Minister that Israel expects the Palestinians to first recognize Israel as a Jewish state before talks about 2 states for 2 peoples.  It's something the Arab have been refusing to do.

Obama said in his speech that "Palestinians must recognize Israel as a Jewish state."

Daniel Pipes, President of the Middle East Forum,  feels that this expectation from the Arabs is the most lasting and most constructive contribution to Arab-Israeli diplomacy.

I believe they should also be well aware that Israel lost 80% of the Jewish Homeland by the act of Britain not in the plan which was to give away this much of it to create TransJordan.

Resource: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/26/obama-to-palestinians-accept-the-jewish-state/ by Daniel Pipes

Jews, The Original Sons of the Land; from King Hussein of the Hejaz

Nadene Goldfoot
Jews came from Israel and Judea which they lost by 135 CE after being there with Moses and entering the land called Canaan in 1271 BCE.  That's almost a 1,500 year history of living there.  Since then, they've not had a homeland for 2,000 years and had lived in misery and suffered from anti-Semitism.  People have lived in America for only 413 years and we know how we feel about our land.

The Ottoman Empire ruled Palestine from 1517 to 1917.  They were on the side of the Germans in WWI which started on July 28, 1914 and ended on November 11, 1918.  Germany greatly influenced the Arabs throughout WWII as well.  Already in 1916 the Ottoman Empire's southern region was to be mandated by France and Great Britain under the Sykes-Picot Agreement.  France was given the mandate over the  land mass  that became Lebanon and Syria,  and Britain was given the mandate over the land mass that became Trans-Jordan, then Jordan, Israel and Judea-Samaria.

On November 2, 1917, the British Government issued the Balfour Declaration.  This document pledged support for the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.  They were in sympathy with the Jewish Zionist aspirations and had met many times with the Jewish leaders.  All the allied governments were parties to the antecedent negotiations and approved the Declaration.

 So did some of the main leaders of the Arab national movement such was Emir Feisal, born May 20, 1885,  who is an ancestor of the present day King of Jordan.   He became King of the Arab Kingdom of Syria or Greater Syria in 1920, and was King  of Iraq from 23 August 1921 to 1933. He was a member of the Hashemite dynasty. On January 3, 1919 an agreement was reached between Emir Feisal, also the chief Arab delegate at the Paris Peace Conference and the son of King Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of  Mecca, the Grand Sharif of Mecca which means he was a descendant of Mohammad,  and Dr. Chaim Weizmann of the World Zionist Organization.  This is when he endorsed the  Balfour Declaration  and Palestine was recognized as a separate Jewish entity.  The Arab State would maintain diplomatic relations with them on condition  that Britain and France met the Arab demands in other territories.   The mandate the Britain held was to see to it that this was carried out.

The Mandate extended over both sides of the river Jordan.  Judea and Samaria had existed there.  As early as 1922 Britain divided the Mandated territory in half and established an Arab emirate in Trans-Jordan. Winston Churchill, then the British colonial secretary,  negotiated this in 1922.   This deprived the Jews of any rights to the land east of the river.  Then Britain made it forbidden to Jews to buy land or settle there as well, clearly against the Mandate rules.

At the same time, leaders of the Arab national movement were negotiating with Britain for the recognition of Arab national rights in the former territories of the Ottoman empire throughout the Middle East. Not only did Emir Feisal want to be king of a large piece of the empire but his brother, Abdullah did also.

 King Hussein of the Hejaz, Hussein bin Ali,  was born in 1853 in Istanbul as the eldest son of Sharif Ali ibn Muhammad and his wife, Salha Bani-Shahar. He was the last of the Hashemite rulers over the Hejaz to be appointed by the Ottoman Sultan. As a Hashemite, he was highly respected in the Islamic world. It was his "noble" lineage which granted him the status he maintained in the Hijaz. As a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, even the British, during his period as Emir, recognized this special status. He wrote the following:

"We saw the Jews...streaming to Palestine from Russia, Germany, Austria, Spain, America...The cause of causes could not escape those who had the gift of deeper insight;  they knew that the country was for its original sons, for all their differences, a sacred and beloved homeland."  (Al Qibla, Mecca, #183, March 23, 1918;  George Antonius, Arab Awakening. p. 269)

The British were most ambivalent as to their policy.  At times they allowed Jewish immigration and at other times it was severely restricted and they prohibited Jews from even buying land at other times.  This was pre-holocaust era when European Jews needed to enter Palestine.  It meant life or death.

Today I see college history professors giving the Balfour Declaration a slight glance, telling students that it was not a serious document giving rights to the Jewish people which is completely incorrect.  All the nations, and they belonged to the League of Nations at that time, the precursor of the United Nations, had agreed that the Jews were to have this Homeland and to the land which was involved.  The Jews wound up with only 20% of the  original land promised because of the British finagling.

Chaim Weizmann, Zionist leader, had helped the British to win the war against the Ottoman empire in 1917-1918 with his organic chemical invention relating to the fermentation of acetone-butyl which improved the weaponry used by Britain.  Without it, no matter how many weapons were used, they could have lost the battle.

At any rate, Jewish political rights were restricted.  Arab objectors were often favored if not fostered.  Immigration of Jews were limited.  Jews went ahead anyway and founded new villages,  towns and cities, drained swamps, and planted forests.  Tel Aviv was expanded.  Arabs enjoyed the advantages they were receiving from all this.  However, by 1936 Arab rioting started in which was stimulated by the German and Italian Fascist governments who wanted to embarrass England in the Middle East.  Jews developing the country continued anyway without interruption.  The reaction of the British was to restrict immigration and the rights of Jews.  In the 1920s most of the Jews came from Eastern Europe.  In the 1930s, many Jews had escaped to Palestine from Nazi Germany.

By 1936 there were 384,000 Jews and 983,000 Arabs in Palestine. By 1948 the Yishuv numbered 650,000 Jews.  This was an awesome number as Moses had gone into Canaan with 600,000 men.   Had immigration been more open for Jews, the number would have been much higher.  Most of the Jews lived in the Tel Aviv area which is on the seacoast.  November 1947 was when Britain turned to the new United Nations who said to divide Palestine into independent Arab and Jewish states.  Jews said yes to their piece and Arabs said no and have been saying no ever since.  They won't settle for half; they want the whole piece.

Leaders of the Palestinians refused to recognize any Jewish national rights in the land and wanted complete Arab control over all.  They erupted into violence in 1920, 1921, 1929 and 1936-39 when 517 Jews were killed  in  terror attacks against Jewish villages and towns.  In 1929 they massacred 67 Jews in Hebron, destroyed their synagogues. Jews had lived there for 2,000 years.  The most influential Arab dissenter was the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini.   During WWII, he joined up with the Nazis and spent the war years in Berlin.

Countries today created out of the Ottoman Empire include more than just all the Middle East countries.  Algeria, Bahrain, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestinian Territory, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Republic and Yemen were part of the empire.  Arab countries occupy 640 times the land mass as does Israel.  The Arabs outnumber the Jewish state of Israel 50 to 1.  In the world of 6.7 billion people, 1.48 billion are Muslims.  That's 1/4 of the world population.  Jews number 12.9 million which is 0.2% of the world population.  Arabs aren't in any danger of being wiped out, except by each other.  Israel is a tiny but important state that must be recognized by the Arabs as having the right to exist in their ancient land.  

The Jews lived up to their part of the deal with the Balfour Declaration but the British did not.  Emir Feisal had also turned against the Jews, but not because of any action on their part.  Feisal Ibn Hussein  was the eldest son of Hussein, sherif of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.  He had led the uprising of Arabs against Turkey (Ottoman Empire) from 1916 to 1918.  He had been sympathetic to Zionism and hoped to receive help in building his future kingdom from the Jews this way.  Later, after meeting with Weizmann, he was expulsed in 1920 from Syria by the French, who also held the mandate on that part of the Ottoman Empire.  His brother, Abdullah, became King of Iraq on April 1,  1921, so he was rewarded right away by the British.  This Abdullah is the gggrandfather of the present day King of Jordan.  The other Palestinian leaders, influenced by the Germans, who the Ottoman Empire supported in WWI, then influenced Emir Feisal who turned against the Zionists.  Thanks to the French-British connection, all the good plans fell apart that had been reached by Weizmann and Feisal.

When Jordan attacked Israel in 1967, they kissed good-bye to their hold on Judea-Samaria and east Jerusalem.  They had lost that war along with all their Arab neighbors. Israel didn't kick out any Palestinians but Israelis felt freer to move to Judea and Samaria, holy places to Jews.  Since when do countries keep land when attacking another and losing?  Israel gained rights that they should have had in 1948 .  What would have happened to Israel if she had lost that war?  What was the purpose of the Arab's attack in 1967 if not to end Israel?  What is the purpose of the Palestinians not sitting down to make peace with Israel  for 65 years and establish their Palestine in an acceptable manner?

Resource: http://www.masada2000.org/historical.html excellent with maps
Facts About Israel 1973, division of information, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Jerusalem
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_transjordan.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
http://www.lookisrael.com/files/justbig.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_of_Mecca
http://www.jrtelegraph.com/2011/01/ruth-wisse-arabs-and-muslims-demand-6401-odds-over-jews.html by Ruth Wisse.  Ruth R. Wisse is Peretz Professor Yiddish Literature and Professor of Comparative Literature.

Sealed Deal for Jewish Homeland from League of Nations

Nadene Goldfoot

Jews began immigrating (making aliyah) to Palestine in large numbers in 1882.  At the time fewer than 250,000 Arabs lived there.  Mark Twain visited earlier and saw very few.

WWI was fought from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918 and Woodrow Wilson and others said they had fought to make the world safe for democracy.  They had a Paris Peace Conference and later, in the League of Nations, France and England were given mandated powers over the region held by the Ottoman Empire to prepare it for self-government of the Middle East.

At the beginning of the war, part of Palestine's land was owned by absentee landlords who lived in Cairo, Damascus and Beirut.  Almost 80% of the Arabs were debt-ridden peasants, semi-nomads and Bedouins.  It was proposed that since the natives of the Fertile Crescent were not yet prepared to govern themselves, Britain and France would be given these mandatory powers over the region in order to get it ready for self-government.

We can see that today, Palestine is dependent on donations from their neighboring Arab states.  They cannot pay their electric bills to Israel.  They have no economy.  All their resources and talents have gone into bomb-making.

So back at the end of WWI, Jews did not care to purchase land in areas where Arabs might be displaced.  They bought land that was uncultivated, swampy, cheap and without tenants.

The Balfour Declaration of 1917 was written by Lord Balfour agreeing to a Jewish Homeland.  What he promised was eventually reduced to 20% of the original piece which the Jews accepted.  Palestinians did not.

The Sykes-Picot Agreement of September 1919 involved Britain and France.  It concerned "Palestine" which had been held by the loser, the Ottoman Empire which was Turkey.  The problem was settled in the San Remo Conference on April 24, 1920 when Britain was given the mandate over Palestine.  They implemented the Balfour Declaration declaring a Jewish Homeland.

Palestinian Arabs did not view themselves as having separate identity.  When the First Congress of Muslim-christian Associations met in Jerusalem in February 1919 to choose Palestinian representatives for the Paris Peace conference, they said, "We consider Palestine as part of Arab Syria, as it has never been separated from it at anytime.  We are connected with it by national, religious, linguistic, natural, economic and geographical bonds."

In 1920, Labor Zionist lead David Ben-Gurion was concerned about the Arab fellahin, someone he thought was the most important asset of the native population.  He said that under no circumstances must we touch land belonging to them or worked by them.  He wanted to liberate them from their oppressors.  "Only if a fellah leaves his place of settlement," he added, "should we offer to buy his land at an appropriate price." David became the first Prime Minister and Defense Minister.

Arabs wanted to sell to the Jews because of the migration to coastal towns and because they needed money to invest in the citrus industry.  By 1944, Jews paid from $1,000 and $1,100 per acre in Palestine or arid or semi-arid land when in Iowa land was selling for $110 per acre.  Transjordan's King Abdullah wrote that Arabs are as prodigal in selling their land as they are in useless wailing and weeping.  Jewish holdings in Palestine amounted to about 463,000 acres.  About 45,000 of these were from the mandatory government; 30,000 were bought from churches and 387,500 were bought from Arabs.  Many leaders of the Arab nationalist movement, including the Muslim Supreme Council, sold land to Jews.  Arabs entered the land from neighboring lands in the past 90 years in order to find work.  When the Jews came, they followed.

Eighty-five years later, in a 2002 interview with The New Statesman, British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw observed "A lot of the problems we are having to deal with now, I have to deal with now, are a consequence of our colonial past. .. ..The Balfour Declaration and the contradictory assurances which were being given to Palestinians in private at the same time as they were being given to the Israelis – again, an interesting history for us but not an entirely honourable one.

It is now, today, that Arabs call Jews "transplants" among other ugly adjectives.  They didn't think of nationalism and state-building until 1967 when they lost a mass attack against Israel and they lost face as well as land.  They forget that the land has always had Jews in it living among the Arab villages.  Not everyone was taken away as slaves, transplanted by rulers or were driven out by 70 CE.  .  A remnant of our past remained for a reminder.  We cannot forget Jerusalem because of giving our word to the one G-d that we wouldn't.  Though international law clinches when we regained our land again, our religious law had us take the land with instructions from Moses as to just how much and where and why.

International lawyer Prof. Eugene Kontorovich on youtube below explains how law gave the Jews land legally if you missed my write-up on blog previoiusly.  .

Reference: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub2x5UvjUs4 Internation Law
Textbook:  Middle East Past & Preseent by Yahya Armajani and Thomas M. Ricks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement
Book:  Myths and Facts: a concise record of the Arab-Israeli conflict by Mitchell G. Bard and Joel Himelfarb
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/ben_gurion.html
"The Legal Case for Israel Video by Professor Eugene Kontorovich-words copied from youtube.  

Another great International Lawyer who investigated this subject for over 20 years is Dr. Jaques Gautier who concludes that not only is Israel in accordance with International law but that the International community is in direct violation of it's own Agreements and Charters they have themselves formulated

Another great Attorney who came to the same conclusion is Howard Grief who wrote the book "The Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel under International Law"

The Conclusion is all the same: the Jewish people have been betrayed many times over by the Nations of the world who do not abide by their own agreements that they have themselves formulated while continuing to do so and them being the reason behind many baseless wars where so many innocent live were lost

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The Big Lie: That Arabs Were Displaced By Israel

                                                     Mandate for Jewish National Home
Nadene Goldfoot
The Jewish Homeland shrunk to less than 20% of its original size which had been decided by the Balfour Doctrine and okayed by the League of Nations.  What became Israel in 1948 was a fraction of Western Palestine where Jews had already settled and had been living.   Immigrant Jews had returned to the land in the 1870's to join the small native Jewish population and until it became a state in 1948, the area of Jewish settlement remained about in the same area.  It had been underpopulated land and had been set upon by Bedouin exploitations, plunder, nomadism , tribal uprisings and natural disaster during the Jews' first aliyah or return to work and reclaiming of  the land.

The major part, 3/4  of the Jewish Homeland, had been taken over by Transjordan, which was land east of the Jordan River.  Yasser Arafat had stated that Jordan is Palestine.  Even King Hussein and Prince Hassan of Jordan have also stated that Palestine is Jordan and Jordan is Palestine.  That happened to be a good 80% of land promised to the the Jews. In fact, Palestinian Arabs and Jordan had a battle in 1970-1971 called the "Black September" period, when King Hussein fought against Arafat's PLO forces who had been operating opening in Jordan until then.  It was considered a Civil War and the final crackdown against those of his people who were trying to establish a separate Palestinian state under Arab Palestinian rule instead of his own.

 The king considered them criminals and conspirators using commando movement to disguise their treason and plots to destroy the unity of the Jordanian and Palestinian people. Thousands died, mostly the Palestinians who later retreated to Lebanon.   It was a similar situation to Syria today, only the king was fairly good and not about to be undercut and displaced.  He eventually married a Palestinian girl, born in the USA whose father was from Syria, Queen Noor, one way to keep the peace.  One good thing about him, he kept the peace with Israel.  King Hussein has since died, and his son, King Abdullah II also married a Palestinian girl, Queen Rania, born in 1970 whose father was from Kuwait.

The Jewish National Homeland had been split into 2 separate unequal Palestines:  Eastern Palestine--or the Arab emirate of Transjordan east of the Jordan River and Western Palestine, which was less than 1/4th of the League of Nations Mandate.  Where the Jews actually lived in 1870-1880 was only a segment of the area of Western Palestine.  Transjordan, nearly 38,000 square miles,  had been filched by the Arabs with the British permission and assistance.  Israel got less than 8,000 square miles in the end.

The land of Transjordan had been conqauered by King David.  W Ammon was held for a time by a Jewish family, the Tobiads.  From the 8th century to the 19th century it had been mostly left to the Bedouin except when the Crusaders were there.  In 1921 it was detached from the Jewish Homeland for Abdullah who renamed it the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan in 1946.  In 1948 he took over the Arab area of Palestine which his grandson, Hussein lost to Israel in the 6 Day War.  In 1990 Jordan's population was 3,000,000 of which many were Palestinian Arabs and its capital is Amman.  By 2011 the population of Jordan was 5,568,565 and 95% Sunni Muslim which is their state religion.

The Muslim population in "Palestine around 1917, the time of the Balfour Declaration, was made up of mostly transient and landless nomads.  Sherif Hussein commented in a 1918 article that the native soil of Palestine could not keep the Arabs from " wandering....in every direction."

Palestine did not become Israel.  Israel is but a sliver of what it was to have been.  Palestine was indeed to have become the Jewish Homeland but because of British dealings, it didn't happen.  It should have been the land east and west of the Jordan River from the Mediterranean to Arabia and Iraq, and north and south from Egypt to Lebanon and Syria.

Arnold Toynbee, historian, said in 1918 that the "desolate land which lies east of the Jordan stream was capable of supporting a large population of irrigated and cultivated scientifically.  The Zionists have as much right to this no-man's land as the Arabs, or more."

The land was previously referred to as Palestine, and that was but a small piece of land compared to Arab countries created around it.  It was also called South Syria, or Eastern and Western Palestine, or part of Turkey, but by the international mandate known finally as a Jewish National Home.  The USA mentioned much about it, and said it was to "recognize Palestine as a Jewish state as soon as it is a Jewish state in fact."

So all around it independent Arab statehood arose., but not within Palestine itself, unless you count Transjordan.  After WWI the Arabs in Syria and Iraq had statehood.  Saudi Arabia got about 865,000 square miles of land which was pure Arab land.  Surely the Arab would not begrudge the "small notch" of Palestine east and west of the Jordan River, thought Lord Balfour.  Little did he know his own country and the Arabs.

Britain had to help themselves by recognizing Abdullah and his emirate in the land east of the Jordan River that was to be the Jewish National Home.  He was the royal son of the Hejaz (Saudi Arabia), because the Arabians of the Hejaz had been the biggest helpers against the Turks in WWI.  His brother, Emir Feisal, and Lawrence of Arabia had agreed to abandon all claim of his father to Western Palestine if Feisal got Iraq and Eastern Palestine as Arab territories.  Never mind that Chaim Weizmann had developed chemicals to create bombs that worked for England and with that they would have lost the whole war against Germany and had been promised the land first for the Jews in return for his contribution to the war effort .

So this idea of Jews displacing the Arab is nothing but bunk.  Arabs actually took over land meant for the Jews by taking Transjordan illegally. Folke Bernadotte in 1950-1951 said that "The Palestinian Arabs have at present no will of their own.  Neither have they ever developed any specifically Palestinian nationalism...It would seem as though in existing circumstances most of the Palestinian Arabs would be quite content to be incorporated in Trans-Jordan."

Resource: Book:  From Time Immemorial-the origins of the Arab-Jewish conflict over Palestine by Joan Peters p 234-241
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Noor_of_Jordan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Rania_of_Jordan

Britain's 30 Year Rule in Palestine

Nadene Goldfoot
At the end of World War I of 1918, Britain and France were given the Mandates to rule in the Middle East that had fallen, the Ottoman Empire. They had been on the side of the Germans who  lost.   Britain was given a 30 year mandate to rule over Palestine.  They had their army in Palestine and fought against the Germans in the war.

The Balfour Doctrine had already been issued on November 2, 1917, by the British foreign secretary Arthur James Balfour, declaring that the British government favor "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object...the result of long negotiations started by Chaim Weizmann and others.  Balfour had been strongly impressed by the personality and Zionist philosophy of Weizmann.  He remained a man outspokenly devoted to the Zionist ideal.  

The area was defined originally as from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River.  It had included what is today, Jordan.  It was later defined  in the Franco-British Boundary Agreement 1920 and the Transjordan memorandum of 16 September 1922, during the mandate period. Today, the region comprises the country of Israel and the Palestinian territories. 

Jews had created a Jewish National Fund at the 5th Zionist Congress of 1901 started by Theodor Herzl to collect money to buy land in Palestine.  They were then starting to buy land by 1921.  There were already established Jewish communities in Palestine by Jews since King David's day.

It wasn't until April 24, 1920 that it was formally decided in San Remo that Britain should administer Palestine and be responsible for the implementation of the Balfour Declaration.  Then by July 24, 1922, the Mandate was finally approved by the League of Nations meeting in London.  They were to give recognition to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country.  The Zionist organization was recognized as the Jewish Agency.

In 1922 nearly 80% of the land that was designated to be the Jewish Homeland was later given  to the Arabs by the British.  It became Transjordan and Jews were barred from there.  The 20% left was divided into 2 states, one for the Arabs who refused it and one for the Jews who accepted it.  Their Palestine is to have no Jews living in it (Judenrein) but Israel has 1.4 million Arabs as citizens. 

The British had installed Emir Faisal, who had been deposed by the French in Syria, as ruler of the new kingdom of Iraq.  Then in 1922 the British created the emirate of Transjordan on land that was to be the Jewish Homeland.  This was done for Emir Abdullah, who was upset because his family had been defeated in some tribal warfare on the Arabian peninsula and wanted a kingdom to rule.

Jews had never left Jerusalem.  The development of this very Jewish capital was interrupted by World War I and the population fell to 50,000.  In December of 1917 it was occupied by the British General Allenby, head of the British army.   The British were quick to issue several White Papers, limiting Jewish immigration to Palestine, but by 1946 the population reached 165,000 of which 100,000 were Jews.  Hebrew University was built on Mt. Scopus.

Arabs rioted in 1922, 1929, 1936 and 1939 which killed many of the Jewish populations which only brought about more building and consolidations.  By 1948 Jerusalem  was divided into 2 parts, Israel in the West and the Arabs in the East.  Israel was able to liberate the East at the end of the 1967 War when they took down the barrier and made the city whole again.  In 1980 Israel extended Israel sovereignty over the entire city with "The Jerusalem Law."

Hebron was an ancient Jewish town of Judah, 18 miles south of Jerusalem.  Abraham had bought the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron in order to bury his wife, Sarah. Today a mosque stands on the reputed site.  In 1929 the Arabs massacred many of the 700 Jews living in the town and the remainder were injured and fled.  About 30 Jewish families returned in 1931.  Riots from Muslims broke out again in 1936 and again the Jews fled.  The population in 1967 was 38,310.  After the 1967 Six Day War Jews returned to settle, establishing the Kiryat Arba quarter east of the city.  There were 3,700 in 1988.  Arabs have taken over Hebron.

The British failed to protect the Jewish communities from Arab mobs in and  after the Arab riots in May 1921. They then appointed the Haycraft Commission to investigate the cause of the violence, where they concluded that the Arabs had been the aggressors.  They rationalized that the cause was a feeling they had of discontent and hostility towards  the Jews and connected the Jewish immigration with the problem, so they then banned Jewish immigration.  


The Hope Simpson Report of 1930 showed the British allowed untold numbers of Arabs to enter the territory, even saying that "it does a certain injustice to the Jewish immigrant outside whose place is taken by the traveller, concerned. " It was full of facts showing that Arab immigration was being allowed.  They entered Palestine without formality of any kind.  They could leave the road before reaching the frontier and they took  footpaths over the hills so as not to be counted.  

With Jordan's illegal annexation of Judea and Samaria (West Bank) in 1950, the Arabs controlled about 80% of the territory of the Mandate, while the Jewish State held a bare 17.5%.  Gaza, occupied by Egypt, was the remainder.  So much for the British who were to bring about the Jewish Homeland.

As found in previous postings in this blog, the British doing the administrating were not favoring the Jews at all.  They favored the Arabs in many ways and did many things to deter immigration and settlement of the Jews in Palestine, even to the point of instigating the Arabs to riot against the Jews.    It continued right up to the time of their departure on May 14, 1948.  Arab immigration was allowed by the British when Jews before and after the Holocaust could not get in by their rules.  Their behavior was disgraceful.

Resource:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine
From Time Immemorial by Joan Peters
New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
Myths and Facts-a concise record of the Arab-Israeli conflict by Mitchell G Bard, PhD and Joel Himelfarb
posts in this Blog
Movie: Lawrence of Arabia; Arab force fighting the Ottoman Turks in WWI, made in 1962

How Jews and Arabs in Agreement Were Thwarted by the British and French

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                  

         1917 Balfour Declaration-After the fall of the Ottoman Empire

1894 was the year of the Dryfus Affair, where a French Jewish Captain was found guilty of treason when he really was innocent.  Anti-Semitism, something very common in Russia,  had now reached this ugly level in France.  It hit many Jews in the heart that they needed their own state and the only desire was for Palestine.  Besides, Russian Jews tired of pogroms had already started going  back to Palestine in the 1880's to establish a homeland with the First Aliyah.  Uganda was suggested but quickly dismissed.  After all, many Jewish prayers speak of Jerusalem, Zion and the Land of Israel.  Jews are told not to forget Jerusalem, the site of the temple, which is a major tenet of Judaism.  The Jewish calendar, holidays and festivals all originated in Israel and revolve around Israel's seasons.  Jews pray toward Jerusalem and say the words, "next year in Jerusalem" every Passover since 70 CE.  The Jewish religion, culture and history make clear that it is only in the land of Israel that a Jewish state can be built.

In 1913 the Zionists realized that they needed an agreement with the Arabs if they were going to live in Palestine.  Sami Hochberg represented the Zionists in a meeting with the Cairo- Decentralization Party and the anti-Ottoman Beirut Reform Society and reached an agreement which led to the adoption of a resolution assuring Jews equal rights under a decentralized government.  He also got an invitation to the first Arab Congress in Paris June 1913.

They were most receptive to Zionist aspiration.  Hochberg was encouraged by they response.  Abdul-Hamid Yahrawi, the President of the Congress said, " All of us, both Muslims and Christians, have the best of feelings toward the Jews.  When we spoke in our resolutions about the rights and obligations of the Syrians, this covered the Jews as well.  because they are our brothers in race and we regard them as Syrians who were forced to leave the country at one time but whose hearts always bet together with ours, we are certain that our Jewish brothers the world over will know how to help us so that our common interests may succeed and our common country will develop both materially and morally."

Yet when the WWI broke out, Arabs were opposing the Balfour Declaration, convincing the Zionist leadership of the need to work harder to reach an understanding with the Arabs.  First Chaim Weizmann met with Said Shukeir, Dr. Faris Nimr and Suleiman Bey Nassif (Syrian Arab nationalists chosen by British as representatives.  He told them of the need to live in harmony with Arabs in a British Palestine.

Nassif said, "There was room in Palestine for another million people without affecting the position of those already there."  Dr. Nimr used his Cairo newspaper to dispel the misconceptions about Zionist aims.

World War I started on July 28, 1914. The Ottoman Empire sided with the Germans.   The Allied nations of Europe were planning the overthrow of the Ottoman Empire.  Along came the very secret  Sykes-Picot Agreement (Asia Minor Agreement) of November 1915  and signed on May 16,  1916 to control Western Asia  that involved Britain and France with the help of Russia for the results after the overthrow.  They would divvy up the land between the British and the French.  Russia later exposed their secret plan after the Russian Revolution in October 1917.  .

The Balfour Declaration of November 2, 1917, saying that the British government favors the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people was accepted by no other than Emir Faisal (Feisal) ,  a descendant of Muhammed the Prophet, son of Sherif Hussein, the big leader of the Arab revolt against the Turks.  It came about after long negotiations started by Chaim Weizmann,  right after the outbreak of World War I.  In 1918 Weizmann met in Aqaba with Emir Faisal, son of Sharif Hussein of Mecca, the leader of the Arab movement, to discuss prospects of reaching an understanding on the establishment of independent Arab and Jewish states.  President Wilson of the USA supported the American Zionists, headed by Brandeis.  The document was approved by other Allied governments and incorporated into  the Mandate in 1922.  Faisal had signed an agreement with Chaim Weizmann and other Zionist leaders when they had attended   the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.  

He had said, "Mindful of the racial kinship and ancient bonds existing between the Arabs and the Jewish People, and realizing that the surest means of working out the consummation of their national aspirations is through the closest possible collaboration in the development of the Arab states and Palestine."

Here we have the leader of the Arab nationalist movement and the Zionist movement reaching an understanding.  This demonstrates that Jewish and Arab aspirations were not necessarily mutually exclusive.

Evidently the ending of the Ottoman Empire that came at the end of WWI gave several Arab chieftans the inspiration to have their own statehoods, which now would be independent from the Turkish rule.  There was no immediate need for the Arabs like there was for the Jews, who had been suffering nothing but hardships and death by having to wander amongst the nations trying to find a home that never materialized.  The latest cause of the need came from the many pogroms that were happening in Russia's Pale of Settlement, where Jews had been confined.  The Arabs saw the opportunity after 400 years of Turkish rule and decided that they needed a piece of the action as well.  They were instigated by such as "Lawrence of Arabia,' too..

Here we have two plans running at the same time.  "Lord Balfour wrote a memorandum from the Paris Peace Conference which stated that the other allies had implicitly rejected the Sykes-Picot agreement by adopting the system of mandates.  It allowed for no annexations, trade preferences, or other advantages. He also stated that the Allies were committed to Zionism and had no intention of honoring their promises to the Arabs.^"

The agreement looked to the fulfillment of the Balfour Declaration and called for all necessary measures "to encourage and stimulate immigration of Jews into Palestine on a large scale, and as quickly as possible to settle Jewish immigrants on the land through closer settlement and intensive cultivation of the soil."

Faisal had conditions to accepting the Balfour Declaration and that was depending on the British wartime promises of independence to the Arabs.  As he later saw it, these were not kept, though many were rewarded with it, he felt he was not.  He had been planning to receive aid from the Jews in building his future kingdom and had met Dr. Weizmann in Transjordan in 1918 and Paris in 1919 where they had reached an agreement on mutual aid..  Later, because he was ousted from Syria by the French in 1920, and because of influence of the Palestinian Arab leaders, his attitude to Zionism became hostile.

What had happened in the battle of the Arab revolt (Arab Awakening) of June 5 1916 against the Ottoman Empire was that a Thomas Edward Chapman, brilliant but illigitimate son born in Wales in 1888 came on the scene in October 1916  to be known as Lawrence of Arabia.  Lawrence was the son of Anglo-Irish Sir Thomas Chapman b; 1846, 7th Baronet and his partner, Sarah Lawrence, also illigitimate born in 1861,  a Scottish governess,  and was related to Sir Walter Raleigh.  He met with Faisal and then managed to take the ill-disciplined Arabs and turn them into a fighting force of 3,000 against  50,000 Turks and win.  He and his force were under General Allenby in Palestine by December 9, 1917 when they entered Jerusalem. "

In 1919 Faisal led the Arab delegation to the Paris Peace Conference and, with the support of the knowledgeable and influential Gertrude Bell, argued for the establishment of independent Arab emirates for the area previously covered by the Ottoman Empire.

Lawrence accompanied the Arab delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference June 28 1919,  where they fully expected their reward for helping the Allies in the war - full independence. Britain and France carved up the Middle East into their own zones of influence and the French even ejected Faisal from Damascus."

Even the American Congress felt the public support for the Balfour Doctrine and a resolution  approving it was adopted in 1922.  In 1944 both national parties, Republicans and Democrats,  called for the restoration of the Jewish Commonwealth, and again in 1945, a similar resolution was adopted by Congress.

Faisal, or Faisal Ibn Hussein was born in 1885 in Saudi Arabia and died in 1933.    His father, Hussein, was sherif of Mecca, Arabia.  Faisel had dreams of creating pan- Arab nationalism.  Faisal  was the leader of the rising against Turkey from 1916 to 1918 and then became the king of Syria. only to be ousted by the French in 1920 because  Faisal's Arabs and the French fought each other, ending Faisal's reign quickly. The French then held the Syrian mandate.  He  did become king of Iraq in  1921. 

 Iraqi independence came in 1932, but came with lots of persecution of Jews who lived there, mainly in Bagdad.  Hundreds were killed and wounded in a pogrom in 1941.  Iraq had been one of the nations attacking Israel in 1948.  123,500 of the Iraqi Jews then moved to Israel in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah.  All their property in Iraq had been taken by the government.  Only 150 Jews were found there in 1991.

The Arab Higher Committee, a central council of the Arab National Movement in Palestine from 1936 to 1948 were led by the mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin el Husseini.  Their aim was to fight Zionism and the Palestinian Jews.  They were outlawed by the British mandatory  government in 1937 as they organized riots and killings in 1936.  The leaders were exiled to the Seychelles, islands east of Africa.  They re-established in 1945 and again caused riots and killings in 1947-1948.  After Israel was established in 1948 the king of Jordan did away with the committee, but the mufti tried to revive it as the Palestine Government in the Gaza Strip.

Here we had had Chaim Weizmann and his discoveriy and invention to produce acetone. Acetone was used in the manufacture of cordite explosive propellants critical to the Allied war effort.  
Without this, neither the British, French nor Arabs would have won,  along with the extra soldiers provided through Lawrence of Arabia who took Palestine.  Both  the Jews and the Arabs were cheated out of what they had been promised, though the Jews did have a written Declaration over what the Arabs had presumed would be their reward for their outstanding fighting.   In the end the Arabs were given far more of the Ottoman Empire than what they had dreamed of and sooner than the Jews. Suprisingly, they refused more than half of the share offered to the Jews because they wanted it all.

Resource: Myths and Facts by Mitchell Bard and Joel Himelfarb
New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal-Weizmann_Agreement
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/lawrence_of_arabia.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/weizmann.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann
http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Sarah_Junner_Lawrence_(1861-1959)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria
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